Frankie Goes to Hollywood (FGTH) was one of the most controversial and commercially successful UK new wave acts of the early 1980s. The Liverpool group was fronted by vocalist Holly Johnson, supported by Paul Rutherford (backing vocals), Peter Gill (drums), Mark O'Toole (bass) and Brian Nash (guitar).
The group's debut single "Relax" was famously banned by the BBC while at number six in the charts, and subsequently topped the UK singles chart for five consecutive weeks, going on to enjoy prolonged chart success throughout 1984 and ultimately becoming the seventh best-selling UK single of all time (as of May 2006). Following the phenomenal follow-up success of "Two Tribes" and the seasonal "The Power of Love", FGTH became only the second act in the history of the UK charts to reach number one with their first three singles (the first being Gerry and the Pacemakers in 1964).
On the B-side to the group's first single, Johnson explained that the group's name derived from a page from the New Yorker magazine, featuring the headline "Frankie Goes to Hollywood" and a picture of Frank Sinatra. An alternate story relates that a similar article about Frankie Vaughan was the source for the group's name. The original group named "Frankie Goes to Hollywood" allegedly dates from 1980.
The nucleus of the group emerged from the late 1970s Liverpool punk scene. Lead singer Holly Johnson had played bass with Big in Japan, and had also released two solo singles. Paul Rutherford — who did not join until later — had sung in The Spitfire Boys. Local musicians Peter Gill (drums), Jed O'Toole (bass) and Jed's cousin Brian Nash (guitar) initially joined Johnson, calling themselves "Sons of Egypt" the band secured a number of small local gigs. The group disbanded shortly after only to be partially reprised when Johnson joined Mark O'Toole (bass) and Ped to form FGTH, during a particularly fluid period of personnel changes brother Jed joined on guitar. A female vocalist, Sonya Mazunda, subsequently joined the group, and this line-up performed the first Frankie gig at the Leeds nightclub "The Warehouse", supporting "Hambi & The Dance". Rutherford, who had been temporarily filling in as backing vocalist for the headlining act, apparently got so caught up in Frankie's performance that he effectively replaced Mazunda that very night. The new all-male musical line-up subsequently toured locally with a leather-clad duo known as "The Leatherpets", and managed to fund promotional videos and demos, despite being eventually turned down by both Arista Records and Phonogram. In October 1982, the group recorded a John Peel session for BBC Radio One, comprising the originals "Krisco Kisses", "Two Tribes", "Disneyland" and "The World Is My Oyster". Around this time Jed O'Toole left the group, to be replaced by the returning Nash. In February 1983, the group were invited to record a video for "Relax" by the Channel Four show The Tube at the Liverpool State Ballroom. After the broadcast, the Peel session was repeated on radio, and a new session recorded for the BBC, comprising "Welcome to the Pleasuredome", "The Only Star In Heaven" and "Relax". These performances, along with a repeat of the Tube video, apparently convinced Trevor Horn to sign the group for his new label, ZTT Records, in May 1983.
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Men at Work were an Australian reggae-influenced rock band of the early 1980s. After Little River Band, and before INXS, Men at Work were Australia's most successful international rock export, and are still the only Australian artists with No.1 singles and albums in both America and United Kingdom.
The Men at Work story starts with Scottish born and raised singer Colin Hay. His father ran a music shop in Glasgow, giving Colin the run of all the instruments contained - a guaranteed breeding place for a career in music. In 1967, when Colin was 14, the family decided to migrate to Australia. During their first week in Australia, Colin's father bought him a 15-watt amplifier.
Colin Hay started playing in bands in his first year in Australia, and continued through his high school years until university. In 1978 Colin met guitarist Ron Strykert when both were working in Sydney on the stage musical 'Heroes'. Colin and Ron decided to form an acoustic duo and, playing around Melbourne, started building up the catalogue of songs which would become the basis of Men at Work's repertoire.
The group itself grew from informal jam sessions at the Grace Darling Hotel. Colin had met drummer Jerry Speiser while studying Economics at the University of New South Wales. In mid-1979, with keyboard player Greg Sneddon on board, they provided the backing for the amateur rock musical 'Riff Raff' as their first venture in the recording studio. Sneddon didn't stay. He was replaced by multi-instrumentalist Greg Ham, someone they already knew from around the traps. Then, after a couple of months of playing residency at the Cricketers' Arms Hotel in Melbourne, Men at Work decided to include a fifth member, and brought in bass player John Rees, allowing Strykert to move to guitar.
The band played every Thursday night at the Cricketers' for over a year, by the end of which they had established a loyal following which sought them out whenever and wherever they played. By the end of 1980 Men at Work were in a position where they could sell out almost any venue in Melbourne. During that year they issued a self-financed, independent single on their own M.A.W. label. The 'A' side was a song called 'Keypunch Operator'. The other side was an early version of a song with which the group would become synonymous, 'Down Under'.
Along the way to the world fame they would come to enjoy some unique twists of fate paved their way. One was the record company executive who would at this point in Men at Work's career become determined his record company should sign the band. To make his point he would arrive at work every day as a different 'man at work' - a plumber one day, a painter the next, etc. Giving in to their employee's pressure, CBS signed Men at Work to a recording contract in early 1981. The first release under that agreement was the single Who Can It Be Now?, with its deliciously paranoid lyrics and characteristic reggae-tinged rock style.'Who Can It Be Now?' reached Australia's No.1 spot in August 1981, and four months later, both the re-recorded 'Down Under' and Men at Work's debut album reached the No.1 spot, the biggest selling Australian album since Skyhooks' record-breaking 'Living In The 70s'. 'Business As Usual' also became the first Australian album to debut at No.1 in New Zealand. And there was considerable success throughout Europe and in Canada.
Produced by American Peter McIan, 'Business as Usual' was twice rejected for release in the US by CBS's American affiliates. The band's manager refused to accept 'no' and eventually his persistence, sitting in record company offices until he was heard, paid off. Six months after its release in Australia 'Business as Usual' was released in both the US and the UK, and the band departed for an American tour supporting Fleetwood Mac. By October 'Who Can It Be Now?' was No.1 in America too. In November 'Business as Usual' started its 12 weeks stay on top of the American album chart, the biggest debut album since the Monkees. In January 1983 'Down Under' was No.1 on both America and England, where the album was also No.1 now - unprecedented success for an Australian recording act.
They had another single in April/May 1983 called Overkill.
Part of Men at Work's dramatic rise to popularity was that their arrival coincided with the introduction of MTV. Men at Work's irreverent videos shone out like a beacon against their American competition. England and Australia were already well into the video age. In Men at Work became the first Australians to win a Grammy Award, for Best New Artist.
For Men at Work the happy problem was that it was now well over a year since their album had been released in Australia. Business logic said that since the US and UK were so late coming on board there was still a lot of life in the record on the world stage, but Men at Work decided to go ahead with recording a second album. 'Cargo', released in 1983, restored Men at Work to No.1 in Australia. But its worldwide release meant that just three months after 'Business as Usual' had been No.1 in both the US and UK, the second album arrived. 'Cargo' made top ten in both countries, but the impact of its release was complete over-exposure for the band, and a year filled with live performances.
At the end of 1983 Men at Work came back to Australia and took a year's break, scattering around the world. Colin Hay found time to get married, honeymooned in France, and produced an album for Melbourne friends Le Club Foot. Greg Ham joined his girlfriend moonlighting in the good-time band Relax With Max. While all this was going on, internal pressures were at work, arguments over management and songwriting, and John Rees and Jerry Speiser found themselves "not required". At the start of 1985 Hay, Ham and Strykert, with session musicians, recorded a third Men at Work album, 'Two Hearts', producing themselves.
Men at Work now came headlong against their own stature. It had all been too much too quickly, and the new album, despite its actual contents, failed to live up to the previous successes. The band's first American tour for 18 months was cancelled due to poor ticket sales. Ron Strykert left of his own accord, and Hay and Ham struggled on. Eventually Ham left too, and now Hay struggled on, determined to keep the band name alive. By the end of 1985 he also conceded defeat and concentrated on a solo recording and performing career.
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Kool & the Gang is a highly successful American R&B/soul/funk/disco group. They originally formed in Jersey City, New Jersey in 1964. They went through several musical phases in their career. They started out as practitioners of R&B and funk, eventually went through a phase where they were a smooth disco ensemble, and wound up the successful period of their career recording tunes that were a mixture of pop and R&B. Kool & the Gang is one of the most sampled artists of all time.
The group's main members over the years included brothers Robert Bell (known as "Kool") on bass (b. October 8, 1950, Youngstown, Ohio) and Ronald Bell on tenor saxophone (b. November 1, 1951, Youngstown, Ohio); George Brown on drums (b. January 5, 1949); Robert Mickens on trumpet; Dennis Thomas on alto saxophone; Claydes Charles Smith on guitar (b. September 6, 1948, d. June 20, 2006), trombonist Clifford Adams, and Rick Westfield on keyboards. The Bell brothers' father was an acquaintance of Thelonious Monk and the brothers were friends with Leon Thomas. It should be pointed out that the late guitarist Claydes Charles Smith wrote many of Kool & The Gang's biggest hits, including "Joanna", "Hollywood Swinging", and "Celebration".
In 1964 Robert formed an instrumental band called the Jazziacs with five high school friends. They changed their name to Kool & the Gang and first hit the pop charts with the release of their debut, eponymous album.
Though none of the three singles from the album went far on the pop charts, their R&B success was swift and massive. Several live and studio albums followed, but 1973's Wild and Peaceful broke into the mainstream with "Jungle Boogie" and "Hollywood Swinging". Many reviews see 1975 album The Spirit of the Boogie as the greatest achievement of the band. However, after that album the band abandoned deep funk-music and switched to disco. Generally, the albums released after 1975 have not received the same critical recognition as their early work.
The late 1970s saw a lull in Kool & the Gang's career that ended — after new lead singer James "J.T." Taylor joined the group — with 1979's Ladies' Night, the title track from which spawned a 25-year-long tradition of ladies' nights in New Jersey dance clubs and bars. Their only #1 hit was 1980's "Celebration", off Celebrate!, produced by Eumir Deodato. More international hits followed in the early 1980s, including "Big Fun", "Get Down on It" and "Joanna". Their 1984 album Emergency yielded four top 20 hits, including "Fresh" and "Cherish." Their chart presence stopped abruptly after the Forever album, when both Taylor and Ronald Bell (who started using the name Khalis Bayyan) left the group; both would eventually return, but the hits would not.
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On the B-side to the group's first single, Johnson explained that the group's name derived from a page from the New Yorker magazine, featuring the headline "Frankie Goes to Hollywood" and a picture of Frank Sinatra. An alternate story relates that a similar article about Frankie Vaughan was the source for the group's name. The original group named "Frankie Goes to Hollywood" allegedly dates from 1980.
The nucleus of the group emerged from the late 1970s Liverpool punk scene. Lead singer Holly Johnson had played bass with Big in Japan, and had also released two solo singles. Paul Rutherford — who did not join until later — had sung in The Spitfire Boys. Local musicians Peter Gill (drums), Jed O'Toole (bass) and Jed's cousin Brian Nash (guitar) initially joined Johnson, calling themselves "Sons of Egypt" the band secured a number of small local gigs. The group disbanded shortly after only to be partially reprised when Johnson joined Mark O'Toole (bass) and Ped to form FGTH, during a particularly fluid period of personnel changes brother Jed joined on guitar. A female vocalist, Sonya Mazunda, subsequently joined the group, and this line-up performed the first Frankie gig at the Leeds nightclub "The Warehouse", supporting "Hambi & The Dance".
In February 1983, the group were invited to record a video for "Relax" by the Channel Four show The Tube at the Liverpool State Ballroom. After the broadcast, the Peel session was repeated on radio, and a new session recorded for the BBC, comprising "Welcome to the Pleasuredome", "The Only Star In Heaven" and "Relax". These performances, along with a repeat of the Tube video, apparently convinced Trevor Horn to sign the group for his new label, ZTT Records, in May 1983.
